Due to the lack of distinguishing the support requirements of different strata, the design of bolting and shotcrete support is conservative and the safety factor is too high, numerical simulation method can be used to determine the improvement degree of stress and displacement of surrounding rock before and after support in different depth sections of vertical shaft, and the support design is verified and optimized by using the mechanical characteristics of surrounding rock of vertical shaft. A three-dimensional finite element model of shaft support is established based on the new return air shaft project in Anping Coal Mining Area. The stability analysis, support effect analysis and support scheme optimization of the inverted shaft wall in the bedrock section with excavation diameter of 5.3m and depth of 135m are carried out with stress and displacement indexes. The results show that the horizontal displacement of surrounding rock of the vertical shaft can be improved by up to 51.37% after the bolting and shotcrete support, the maximum principal stress of surrounding rock changes from tensile stress to compressive stress. The supporting effect of the bolt and concrete in different rock strata is different, the section with good strength and stability of surrounding rock can achieve the effect of combined support by shotcrete support, so the support method can be selected and optimized according to the actual situation. Finally, the numerical calculation results are compared with the measured results of project, and the reliability of finite element analysis in analysis of surrounding rock bolting and shotcrete support of shaft is verified.